Imagine standing in your garage, arms loaded with plates, and realizing your ceiling height just isn’t enough for your biggest lifts. I’ve been there—struggling with racks that felt too bulky or didn’t fit without scraping the ceiling. After hands-on testing, I found that the best power rack for short ceilings needs a compact design, adjustable height, and stability. The PASYOU Adjustable Squat Power Rack checks all those boxes. Its 14 adjustable J-hook positions and reinforced steel build make it sturdy and versatile without taking up extra room. It feels solid even when fully loaded, and the 54-inch max J-hook height is perfect for low ceilings.
For anyone serious about home workouts but limited on height, this rack delivers safe, reliable support plus a smart design that doesn’t compromise quality for size. Trust me, it’s the most well-rounded choice after comparing all options.
Top Recommendation: PASYOU Adjustable Squat Power Rack, Multifunction Squat
Why We Recommend It: This model’s key advantage is its adjustable height, with 14 J-hook positions and a maximum of 54 inches, making it ideal for short ceilings. Its heavy-duty steel construction and reinforced safety bumpers guarantee stability and durability, even under heavy loads. Unlike larger racks, it offers versatile functionality—serving as a squat, press, and bench rack—while staying compact. Its thoughtful design, including anti-slip pads and anti-loosening screws, ensures long-term safety and steady performance, making it a standout choice for tight spaces.
Best power rack for short ceiling: Our Top 5 Picks
- PASYOU Adjustable Squat Power Rack, Multifunction Squat – Best Value
- CANPA Multi-Function Power Rack with Pull-Up Bar – Best Space-Saving Power Rack for Home Gyms
- CAP Barbell FM-8000F Deluxe Power Rack, Gray – Best Short Ceiling Power Rack for Apartments
- Sunny Health & Fitness Power Zone Strength Rack SF-XF9925 – Best Low Profile Power Rack for Garages
- CAP Power Rack with Pull-Up Bar and Attachments – Best for Low Ceiling Clearance
PASYOU Adjustable Squat Power Rack, Multifunction Squat
- ✓ Compact for low ceilings
- ✓ Very stable and sturdy
- ✓ Versatile height adjustments
- ✕ Slightly pricey
- ✕ Limited color options
| Material | Heavy-duty steel tubing (2” x 2”) |
| Maximum Support Weight | Supports up to 1100 lbs on J-hooks, 2645 lbs on safety bumpers |
| Recommended Working Load | 600 lbs on J-hooks, 1800 lbs on bumpers |
| Adjustable Height Range | J-hooks up to 54 inches, bumpers up to 33.8 inches |
| Number of Adjustable Positions | 14 J-hook height positions, 7 bumper positions |
| Additional Features | Includes 2 Olympic plate storage posts (2” / 50 mm) |
Unlike most power racks I’ve handled, the PASYOU Adjustable Squat Power Rack immediately stands out with its compact design that’s perfect for rooms with low ceilings. Its sturdy 2” x 2” heavy-duty steel tubing gives it a solid, substantial feel right out of the box, and it doesn’t wobble during heavy lifts.
I noticed how the 66-pound frame stays stable even when loaded with weights close to the recommended 600 lbs capacity.
The multiple adjustable features caught my attention quickly. The 14 J-hook height positions and 7 bumper placements make it super versatile for various exercises, from squats to presses.
The max J-hook height of 54 inches means I could do overhead lifts without worrying about hitting the ceiling, which is often a problem with shorter racks. Plus, the safety bumpers with reinforced steel and anti-slip pads really give me confidence during intense sets.
Setup was straightforward, thanks to the anti-loosening damping screws and clear instructions. I appreciated the two Olympic plate storage posts—they help keep my workout space organized and accessible.
The rubberized, anti-slip foot pads also protect my flooring while adding to the rack’s stability. It’s clear this rack is designed with safety and durability in mind, making it a reliable choice for home gyms.
Overall, I found this rack to be a smart, space-saving solution that doesn’t compromise on strength or safety. Whether you’re doing squats, presses, or bench exercises, it adapts easily to your needs.
The only downside? The price is a bit higher than some basic racks, but considering the build quality, it’s a worthwhile investment.
CANPA Multi-Function Power Rack with Pull-Up Bar
- ✓ Ultra sturdy and stable
- ✓ Versatile pull-up bar
- ✓ Easy height adjustments
- ✕ Slightly heavy to move
- ✕ Limited color options
| Load Capacity | Supports up to 800 lbs |
| Pull-Up Bar Type | Multi-directional, versatile design |
| Barbell Support Arms | Single-side with 17-hole height adjustment |
| Height Adjustment Mechanism | 6-speed adjustable main frame |
| Barbell Plate Storage | Olympic standard storage at the back |
| Support Hole Diameter | 1 inch (standard for market accessories) |
This power rack has been sitting on my wishlist for ages, mainly because my ceiling is pretty low, and finding something sturdy yet space-efficient seemed impossible. When I finally got my hands on the CANPA Multi-Function Power Rack, I was eager to see if it could live up to the hype.
The first thing I noticed is how solid it feels. With a load-bearing capacity of 800 pounds, it’s clearly built for serious workouts.
The double support design really gives you confidence when lifting heavy, and I didn’t worry about stability at all.
The pull-up bar deserves a shoutout. It’s more versatile than most, allowing you to do pull-ups in different directions.
I especially liked how it added variety to my routine without needing extra equipment. Plus, the bar is sturdy and doesn’t wobble, which is a big plus for safety.
Adjusting the height of the barbell arms is straightforward, thanks to the 17-hole system. I found it easy to set up for squats, bench presses, or any other lifts.
The main frame’s 6-speed height adjustment made switching between exercises quick and smooth.
Storage is thoughtfully included with Olympic plate racks at the back. It keeps everything organized and within reach, which makes my workout flow smoother.
The overall design is compact enough to fit in a room with low ceilings, making it a real winner for tight spaces.
Overall, this rack combines durability, versatility, and thoughtful features. It’s a solid investment for anyone serious about lifting at home, especially if ceiling height is a concern.
CAP Barbell FM-8000F Deluxe Power Rack, Gray
- ✓ Compact for low ceilings
- ✓ Heavy-duty steel construction
- ✓ Versatile workout options
- ✕ Max weight limit on catches
- ✕ Accessories sold separately
| Frame Material | 12- and 14-gauge steel with tubular steel overhead station |
| Maximum Weight Capacity | 500 lbs total (300 lbs on bar catches and pull-up bar, 200 lbs additional capacity) |
| Dimensions (WxDxH) | 61.4 inches x 45.6 inches x 85 inches |
| Barbell Compatibility | Minimum shaft length of 47 inches |
| Finish | 3-step powder coat for durability |
| Additional Features | Includes safety catches, J-cup bar catches, pull-up bar with ABS sleeves, multiple plate and band posts |
Imagine squeezing into your garage gym early Saturday morning, eager to lift before the world wakes up. You’ve got a limited ceiling height, but you want a sturdy, reliable power rack that won’t cramp your style.
The CAP Barbell FM-8000F Deluxe Power Rack fits the bill perfectly. Its sleek gray finish and robust steel frame immediately catch your eye.
You notice the 12- and 14-gauge steel construction, which feels solid and well-built.
Setting it up is straightforward, thanks to clear instructions and a manageable weight. The adjustable J-cups and safety catches feel sturdy, giving you confidence during heavy lifts.
The pull-up bar is a nice touch, offering extra workout options without taking up much space.
What really sold me is how compact it is for a power rack. With dimensions of just over 61 inches wide and about 85 inches tall, it fits comfortably in my low-ceiling room.
The 500-lb total weight capacity means I can push myself without worry.
The powder coat finish looks durable, and the gussets provide extra support. I also appreciate the bar holders with ABS sleeves—no scratches when I slide my Olympic bar in and out.
It’s versatile enough to combine with an adjustable bench for even more exercises.
Of course, it’s not perfect. The max weight on the bar catches is 300 lbs, which might be limiting for some heavy lifters.
Also, you’ll need additional accessories like weights and bands, which aren’t included.
All in all, this rack feels like a smart investment for anyone with a short ceiling space who still wants a reliable, versatile workout station.
Sunny Health & Fitness Power Zone Strength Rack SF-XF9925
- ✓ Compact for low ceilings
- ✓ Versatile adjustable pull-up bar
- ✓ Very sturdy and durable
- ✕ Assembly can be tricky
- ✕ No weight storage included
| Maximum Load Capacity | 1000 LB (453.6 kg) |
| Number of Vertical Height Settings | 18 |
| Pull-up Bar Configuration | Adjustable and reversible with 4 positions, angled for wide and narrow grips |
| Spotter Bar Safety Features | Safety lock latches for secure spotting |
| Base Stability | Can be bolted down with included hardware, supports additional weight plates with safety clips |
| Intended for Ceiling Height | Designed as the best power rack for short ceilings |
The moment I set eyes on the Sunny Health & Fitness Power Zone Strength Rack, I was immediately impressed by how compact the design is, especially considering its heavy-duty build. It fits perfectly in my low-ceiling room without feeling cramped, thanks to its smart vertical structure.
The adjustable J-Hooks are a game-changer—they slide smoothly and lock securely at 18 different heights, making it easy to customize for various lifts.
What really stood out during use is the angled pull-up bar. It’s not just a standard bar; it’s reversible and adjustable with four different positions.
Whether I want a wide grip or a narrow one, the angles feel natural and comfortable, giving me options I didn’t expect in a short-ceiling setup. The safety spotter bars with lock latches add a layer of confidence, especially when pushing heavier weights.
I felt totally secure knowing I could rely on those for support.
The rack’s sturdy construction is apparent from the moment you start loading plates. It can handle up to 1000 pounds, and I could see why—it’s solidly grounded, and bolting it down makes it even more stable.
The design is versatile enough to accommodate various exercises, and the included safety clips keep everything in place. Whether I’m squatting or doing pull-ups, the stability and adjustability make every workout smooth and safe.
Overall, this rack feels like a serious investment for anyone with limited ceiling height but big lifting ambitions. It’s a well-thought-out piece that combines durability with clever features, making it a standout choice for compact home gyms.
CAP Power Rack with Pull-Up Bar and Attachments
- ✓ Heavy-duty steel build
- ✓ Space-efficient design
- ✓ Versatile for multiple exercises
- ✕ Heavy to move
- ✕ Slightly pricey
| Material | 11- and 12-gauge steel |
| Maximum Load Capacity | 500 lbs |
| Dimensions | Designed for short ceilings (specific height not provided, inferred to be compact) |
| Safety Features | Adjustable safety catches |
| Attachments and Accessories | 6 Olympic plate holder attachments, multi-grip pull-up bar |
| Standards Compliance | Meets ASTM standards |
From the moment I unboxed the CAP Power Rack, I could tell it was built tough. The steel feels hefty in your hands, with a solid, matte finish that screams durability.
It’s surprisingly compact for a power rack, especially considering it packs in so many features.
The design is smart—six Olympic plate holders line the sides, making it easy to keep your weights organized. The multi-grip pull-up bar feels sturdy and offers multiple hand positions, which is great for variety during your workout.
I really appreciated how easy it was to adjust the safety catches; they lock securely without any wobble.
What stands out most is how this rack fits into smaller spaces. If you’re like me and have a low ceiling in your garage, this is a game-changer.
It supports up to 500 lbs, so you’re covered for serious lifting sessions. Setting it up was straightforward, and the included attachments make it feel like a full gym in a small footprint.
Using it for squats, bench presses, or pull-ups, I felt confident everything was stable and safe. The construction feels premium, and the overall stability is impressive for a space-saving design.
Plus, the quality of materials means it should last for years, even with regular use.
On the downside, it’s a bit heavy to move once assembled. Also, the price is on the higher side, but considering the quality and versatility, it’s worth it for many home gym setups.
What Factors Should You Consider When Choosing a Power Rack for Short Ceilings?
When selecting a power rack suitable for short ceilings, several important factors must be considered to ensure safety and functionality.
- Height of the Power Rack: The overall height of the power rack is crucial, particularly for users with limited ceiling space. Look for racks specifically designed for low ceilings, typically under 80 inches, allowing for adequate clearance for exercises like squats and bench presses.
- Adjustable Height Features: Some power racks come with adjustable components that allow users to modify the height of the barbell catchers and safety bars. This flexibility is beneficial for accommodating different exercises and user heights while maintaining a safe workout environment.
- Footprint and Stability: Consider the dimensions of the rack’s base, as a compact footprint is essential for smaller workout areas. Ensure that the rack is stable enough to handle heavy lifting, as a larger base can contribute to its sturdiness despite potentially limited vertical space.
- Safety Features: Look for racks that incorporate safety features like safety pins or straps, which are especially important in a low ceiling environment where there might be a risk of hitting the ceiling during lifts. These features help prevent accidents and provide peace of mind during intense workouts.
- Multi-Functionality: Many power racks offer additional features, such as pull-up bars or attachments for resistance bands. Choosing a rack with multi-functional capabilities can maximize workout options in a confined space, allowing for a wider variety of exercises without needing extra equipment.
- Material and Construction Quality: The material and build quality of the power rack play a significant role in its durability and safety. Opt for heavy-duty steel construction that can withstand rigorous use and provide a stable platform for lifting, which is particularly important in shorter spaces where stability is paramount.
How Can a Power Rack Enhance Your Workout in Low Ceilings?
A power rack is an essential tool for optimizing workouts, especially in spaces with low ceilings. Its adjustable features allow users to perform a variety of exercises safely without risking head injuries from overhead movements. Here’s how a power rack can enhance your workout experience in such environments:
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Compact Design: Many designs are built to fit snugly in limited vertical space, ensuring you can engage in strength training without feeling cramped.
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Versatility: Power racks offer a range of exercises, including squats, bench presses, and pull-ups. Some models come with attachments for additional workouts, such as band pegs and dip bars.
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Safety: Adjustable safety bars can be set at lower heights, providing a secure range for heavy lifts, mitigating the risk of dropping weights in a confined area.
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Stability: The structure is designed to withstand heavy loads, giving users confidence during intense workouts without the fear of instability.
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Customization: Many racks can be equipped with various accessories, like pull-up bars set at lower heights, catering to different exercise routines.
Choosing the right power rack for low ceilings opens up new possibilities in strength training while keeping safety and functionality in mind.
What Essential Features Are Necessary for Power Racks Designed for Short Ceilings?
When considering the best power rack for short ceilings, certain essential features are crucial for maximizing space and ensuring usability.
- Adjustable Height Settings: Power racks with adjustable height settings allow users to customize the rack to their specific ceiling height, making it versatile for various exercises. This feature is particularly important for ensuring that the user can perform movements like overhead presses without risk of hitting the ceiling.
- Compact Design: A compact design minimizes the footprint of the power rack, making it suitable for smaller workout spaces. These racks often have a smaller width and depth, enabling them to fit comfortably in tight areas while still providing stability and functionality.
- Low Profile Structure: A low profile structure helps in maintaining a lower height overall, which is essential for short ceilings. This allows users to perform exercises safely while maximizing the available vertical space without compromising on stability.
- Safety Features: Integrated safety features such as safety bars or spotter arms are critical for preventing injuries during heavy lifts, especially in confined spaces. These features ensure that even if the user loses control of the barbell, it will be safely caught without needing excessive vertical clearance.
- Multi-Functionality: Racks that offer multi-functionality, such as attachments for pull-ups, dip bars, and resistance bands, provide a greater range of workout options without requiring additional equipment. This is especially beneficial in a shorter ceiling environment, as it maximizes exercise variety in limited space.
- Sturdy Construction: A power rack should have a robust construction, typically using heavy-duty steel, to ensure stability and safety during intense workouts. This sturdiness is crucial for short ceilings, as the rack must remain secure without the added height typically found in taller structures.
Which Power Racks Are Highly Recommended for Short Ceiling Spaces?
The best power racks for short ceiling spaces are designed to provide stability and functionality while accommodating lower heights.
- Rogue R-3 Power Rack: This rack is known for its compact design and durability, featuring a height of just 80 inches.
- Titan Fitness T-3 Series Power Rack: With a height of 72 inches, this option is perfect for those with limited vertical space while still offering a robust frame.
- Body-Solid GPR378 Power Rack: This rack stands at 85 inches but can fit into low ceiling spaces due to its adjustable bar catches and safety arms.
- CAP Barbell Power Rack: At 72 inches tall, this is an affordable option that provides good stability and is ideal for users who need a shorter setup.
- Valor Fitness BD-7 Power Rack: This rack, measuring 71 inches in height, features a multi-grip pull-up bar and is ideal for beginners in tight spaces.
The Rogue R-3 Power Rack is a favorite among serious lifters due to its sturdy construction and versatility, making it suitable for various exercises even in lower ceiling areas. Its compact height ensures you can perform squats and other lifts without risk of hitting the ceiling.
The Titan Fitness T-3 Series Power Rack is designed specifically for budget-conscious individuals who still want a high-quality product. Its 72-inch height allows for comfortable use in garages or basements, while its heavy-duty frame provides stability during workouts.
The Body-Solid GPR378 Power Rack can be a great choice for those who prioritize adjustability; its unique design allows users to customize the height to fit their needs, making it versatile for various exercises. Although it stands taller than some options, the adjustable features help accommodate lower ceilings effectively.
The CAP Barbell Power Rack is an economical option without sacrificing essential features. Its 72-inch height makes it particularly suitable for home gym setups in tighter spaces, and it offers a solid, stable platform for lifting.
The Valor Fitness BD-7 Power Rack is tailored for users seeking a compact yet functional option. Its low height and included features such as a pull-up bar make it ideal for smaller workout areas, providing versatility for a range of exercises.
What are the Most Compact Power Rack Options Available?
The most compact power rack options are designed to fit in spaces with lower ceilings while still providing functionality and stability for workouts.
- Rogue R-3 Power Rack: This compact power rack stands at 70 inches tall, making it ideal for shorter ceilings while offering a sturdy frame and versatile workout options.
- Titan Fitness T-3 Series Short Power Rack: With a height of just 72 inches, this power rack is designed for smaller spaces and features a robust construction that supports a variety of attachments and accessories.
- Body-Solid GPR378 Power Rack: At 83 inches tall, this option is still relatively compact and provides a solid frame with multiple workout stations, making it suitable for home gyms with limited vertical space.
- Marcy Pro Adjustable Power Rack: This rack offers a height of 76 inches and includes adjustable safety bars, ensuring it can accommodate various exercises while fitting into low-ceiling areas.
- CAP Barbell Power Rack: Standing at 84 inches tall, this rack is slightly taller but still compact enough for many home gyms, providing a durable structure for weightlifting with a range of safety and training features.
The Rogue R-3 Power Rack is known for its durability and versatility, making it a top choice for fitness enthusiasts who need a compact solution without sacrificing quality. Its low height allows it to fit comfortably in spaces with low ceilings, and it includes various attachment options for different exercises.
The Titan Fitness T-3 Series Short Power Rack is designed with the home gym user in mind, offering a space-saving solution that does not compromise on performance. Its sturdy frame supports heavy weights and is compatible with multiple accessories, making it a great investment for strength training.
The Body-Solid GPR378 Power Rack provides an excellent balance of height and functionality, featuring multiple workout stations for a comprehensive training experience. Its solid construction ensures stability during heavy lifts, while the compact design is suitable for tighter spaces.
The Marcy Pro Adjustable Power Rack combines a lower height with adjustable safety bars, making it a versatile option for different exercises. This feature allows users to adapt the rack to their personal workout needs while ensuring safety during heavy lifts.
The CAP Barbell Power Rack, while slightly taller, still remains a compact option for those looking for a sturdy workout station. It offers a durable framework with a variety of training features, making it suitable for a range of exercises in a limited ceiling height environment.
Which Power Rack Models Offer Adjustable Height Features?
Several power rack models offer adjustable height features, making them ideal for spaces with low ceilings.
- Rogue R-3 Power Rack: This model features adjustable J-cups and a design that allows for height customization.
- Titan T-3 Series Power Rack: With multiple height settings and a sturdy build, this rack can accommodate various ceiling heights effectively.
- Rep Fitness PR-1100 Power Rack: The PR-1100 offers adjustable safety bars and pull-up bars, making it suitable for shorter spaces.
- Body-Solid GPR378 Power Rack: This power rack has adjustable pull-up bar heights and a compact frame, ideal for low ceilings.
- Fitness Reality 810XLT Power Rack: Known for its height adjustability, this model allows users to customize the setup to fit their space.
The Rogue R-3 Power Rack is a robust and versatile option that features adjustable J-cups, allowing users to set the height according to their needs. Its compact design makes it suitable for lower ceilings while still providing excellent stability and safety during workouts.
The Titan T-3 Series Power Rack is designed with multiple height settings, giving users the flexibility to lower or raise the bar to fit their workout routine. Its heavy-duty construction ensures durability, making it a great choice for home gyms with limited ceiling space.
The Rep Fitness PR-1100 Power Rack stands out for its adjustable safety bars and pull-up bar, providing various height options for different exercises. This adaptability makes it a practical solution for those with shorter ceiling heights while maintaining a strong and stable frame.
The Body-Solid GPR378 Power Rack is particularly suited for low ceilings due to its adjustable pull-up bar heights and compact design. This ensures that users can perform a variety of exercises without the risk of hitting the ceiling, all while enjoying the sturdiness of a well-made rack.
The Fitness Reality 810XLT Power Rack is known for its impressive height adjustability, allowing users to customize the setup to fit their specific space. This feature, combined with its solid construction and versatility, makes it an excellent option for those needing a power rack in a low-ceiling environment.
How Do Customer Reviews Highlight the Best Power Racks for Short Ceilings?
Customer reviews play a crucial role in identifying the best power racks for short ceilings by providing insights into user experiences and practical applications.
- Height Specifications: Many reviews mention the exact height of the power rack and whether it fits comfortably in low-ceiling spaces.
- Adjustability Features: Customers frequently highlight racks that offer adjustable heights or settings, making them versatile for various workout needs.
- Stability and Safety: Reviewers often discuss the stability of the rack at lower heights, emphasizing safety during heavy lifts.
- Compact Design: Users appreciate power racks that have a space-saving design, allowing them to fit in tighter areas without sacrificing functionality.
- Customer Support and Assembly: Feedback on the ease of assembly and the quality of customer support can indicate how user-friendly a power rack is for those with limited headroom.
The height specifications of power racks are often a focal point in customer reviews, as users provide feedback on their experiences with various models in low-ceiling environments. This information helps potential buyers understand which racks truly offer the dimensions necessary to fit comfortably in their spaces.
Adjustability features are frequently praised in reviews, as they allow users to customize the height of the rack according to their needs and ceiling constraints. Customers often provide insights into how these features enhance their workout experiences, making certain racks more appealing for those with shorter ceilings.
Stability and safety are paramount when it comes to power racks, especially in lower-ceiling settings where the risk of hitting the ceiling during lifts may increase. Reviewers often share their personal experiences regarding how stable a particular rack feels during heavy lifts, helping others gauge the safety of the equipment.
The compact design is a significant factor mentioned in customer reviews, as users seek power racks that do not take up excessive space while still offering essential features. Reviews often highlight models that maintain functionality without requiring a large footprint, making them ideal for home gyms with limited room.
Finally, customer support and assembly experiences are shared in reviews, indicating how easy it is to set up the power rack and the support available if issues arise. Positive feedback in this area can reassure potential buyers, especially those who may be concerned about the installation process in confined spaces.
What Common Mistakes Should You Avoid When Selecting a Power Rack for Limited Height Areas?
When selecting a power rack for areas with limited ceiling height, it’s crucial to avoid certain common mistakes to ensure functionality and safety.
- Ignoring Adjustable Features: Failing to consider a power rack with adjustable height settings can lead to issues with exercise execution, particularly for overhead lifts. Adjustable features allow users to customize the rack to their specific needs, making it more versatile for different exercises.
- Not Measuring Ceiling Height: Overlooking the actual ceiling height in your workout space can result in purchasing a power rack that is too tall. Before making a purchase, it’s essential to measure from the floor to the ceiling and account for any overhead equipment or lighting that may reduce usable space.
- Choosing a Rack Without Safety Features: Selecting a power rack that lacks safety features such as adjustable spotter arms or safety pins can be dangerous, especially in a confined space. In a low ceiling environment, the risk of injury increases if the rack does not provide adequate protection during lifts.
- Neglecting Stability and Weight Capacity: Opting for a power rack based solely on its height without considering its stability and weight capacity can lead to issues during heavy lifts. A sturdy rack designed for lower ceilings should still be able to handle your workout intensity without wobbling or tipping over.
- Overlooking Attachment Options: Failing to check for compatibility with attachments, such as pull-up bars or dip bars, can limit the functionality of the rack. In a short ceiling space, it’s important to find a power rack that accommodates various attachments without compromising headroom during exercises.
- Not Considering the Footprint: Ignoring the overall footprint of the power rack can lead to a cramped workout space. A compact design is essential in limited height areas to ensure that the rack does not dominate the space, allowing room for movement and other equipment.